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zero option
The "Zero Option" was the name given to an American proposal for the withdrawal of all Soviet and United States intermediate-range nuclear missiles from Europe. This term was subsequently expanded to describe the vision of eliminating all nuclear weapons everywhere.
==Reagan's initial proposal and reactions==
U.S. President Ronald Reagan proposed this plan on 18 November 1981. He offered not to proceed with the deployment of Pershing II and cruise missiles – previously announced on 12 November 1979 and due to begin in 1983 – if the Soviet Union would remove its SS-4, SS-5 and SS-20 missiles targeted on Western Europe.
European and American anti-nuclear activists denounced the Zero Option as designed to be rejected so that the U.S. could deploy the new missiles without condemnation by critics there and abroad.〔(Reagan and Nuclear Disarmament )〕 Reagan's proposal came to widespread public attention especially in Germany, where the translated term ''Nullösung'' was chosen as Word of the Year 1981 by the ''Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache''.〔(Spiegel Online: ''Ein Jahr, ein (Un-)Wort!'' (in German) )〕
Following the coming to power of Mikhail Gorbachev, however, nuclear arms control negotiations were resumed,〔(Gorbachev's View of the SS-20s )〕 and the Zero Option constituted the basis of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, agreed in principle in September 1987 and signed on 8 December that year.〔(US State Department History of the INF Treaty )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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